Manual msd publico general 531 fotos medicina y salud. Acute bacterial meningitis bm which is a pediatric emergency with high mortality and morbidity, must be diagnosed and treated promptly. This is normally caused by infection but can also have noninfectious causes. Bacterial meningitis is an infection of the surface of the brain by bacteria that have usually travelled there from mucosal surfaces via the bloodstream. Epidemiology, diagnosis, and antimicrobial treatment of acute bacterial meningitis. The infectious diseases society of america idsa has. Meningococcal meningitis is observed worldwide, but the highest burden of the disease is in the meningitis belt of subsaharan africa from senegal to ethiopia, with approximately 30,000 cases reported each year. Bacterial meningitis southern nevada health district. Lesion cerebral irreversible por meningitis bacteriana ocronos. School districts should provide the information below on the district website.
From developing new therapies that treat and prevent disease to helping people in need, we are committed to improving health and wellbeing around the world. It is a very serious illness that can result in disability and even death. Laboratory methods for the diagnosis of meningitis caused by neisseria meningitidis, streptococcus pneumoniae, and haemophilus influenzae. Other bacterial causes of meningitis include haemophilus influenza type b, streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus agalactiae, escherichia coli k1, listeria monocytogenes, and staphylococcus aureus. Bacterial meningitis is more common in infants younger than 1 year of age and people ages 16 to 21. In particular, meningitis is a major cause of death in children under 5 years old. A lumbar puncture to obtain csf is the most important investigation when a diagnosis of bacterial meningitis is suspected.
Common types of invasive meningococcal disease include meningitis infection of the meninges, which is a. Diagnosis is based on clinical and microbiological findings with neuroimaging in the form of ct reserved for those with specific adverse clinical features or when an underlying cause such as mastoiditis is suspected. Meningitis, bacterial microbiology meningitis, pneumococcal diagnosis meningitis, pneumococcal drug therapy. Viral causes of meningitis include herpes simplex virus 1 and 2, varicella zoster virus. Meningitis caused by bacteria is the most likely form of the disease to cause serious, longterm complications. Many inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system also involve the spinal cord called encephalomyelitis and meningoencephalomyelitis. Meningitis bacteriana aguda trastornos neurologicos. Meningitis and encephalitis in horses horse owners veterinary. All three of these organisms are respiratory pathogens. Meningitis happens when the membranes, or meninges, around your spinal cord and brain become swollen from inflammation four types of meningitis are possible. Oct 12, 2018 bacterial meningitis should be treated as a medical emergency requiring immediate hospital treatment. The merck veterinary manual was first published in 1955 as a service to the community.
Online version issn 22155287print version issn 14090015. Learn about the veterinary topic of meningitis and encephalitis in horses. Find specific details on this topic and related topics from the msd vet manual. College students living in dorms or other close quarters are at increased risk. Sep 22, 2016 bacterial meningitis fact sheet overview meningococcal disease is an infection caused by the bacteria neisseria meningitidis, also known as the meningococcus bacteria. The most common symptoms are fever, headache, and neck stiffness. Meningitis bacteriana neonatal pediatria manual merck. Dshs shall prescribe the form and content of the information. Some cases of meningitis improve without treatment in a few weeks. Meningitis can be caused by a bacterial, fungal or viral infection. Also at risk are adults with certain medical problems, including those without a spleen. The patient usually experiences fever, headache, vomiting, irritability, anorexia, and stiffness in the neck. Bacterial meningitis case reporting and investigation protocol.
Serogroup a, b, c, y, and w5 polysaccharide antigen can be detected by latex agglutination in 22% to 93% of patients with meningococcal meningitis. Many different types of bacteria can cause meningitis. In untreated bacterial meningitis, typical findings in the csf include pleocytosis, with wbc count typically cellsmicroliter and predominance of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Meningitis is an acute inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, known collectively as the meninges. In the 86 th legislature, hb 3884 required dshs to create procedures for school districts to provide information relating to bacterial meningitis to students and parents. Manual msd publico general faringoamigdalitis aprende mas. Manual msd please confirm that you are a health care professional. Meningitis is a rare but serious disease, so its important to learn the symptoms.
Meningococcal disease bacterial meningitis fact sheet. Diagnostic accuracy of procalcitonin in bacterial meningitis versus nonbacterial meningitis. Other types of meningitis can be caused by viruses or fungi. Differential diagnosis of bacterial and viral meningitis in. Development of the guideline bacterial meningitis and. Bacterial meningitis case reporting and investigation protocol keywords. Meningitis is a serious disease that can spread quickly from person to person. In children and young people aged 3 months or older, the most frequent causes of bacterial meningitis include neisseria meningitidis meningococcus, streptococcus pneumoniae pneumococcus and haemophilus influenzae. Doc caso clinico meningitis bacteriana grupo joseph. Meningitis can be acute, with a quick onset of symptoms, it can be chronic, lasting a month or more, or it can be mild or aseptic. Acute bacterial meningitis neurologic disorders msd manual. Two common types are streptococcus pneumoniae, with over 80 serogroups that can cause illness, and neisseria meningitidis, with 5 serogroups that most commonly cause meningitis. Bacterial meningitis diagnosis approach bmj best practice us. Other symptoms include confusion or altered consciousness, vomiting, and an inability to tolerate light or loud noises.
Lifethreatening inflammation of the meninges caused by various bacteria. Acute bacterial meningitis is a common neurological emergency and a leading cause of death and neurological disability worldwide. This manual summarizes laboratory techniques used in the isolation and identification and characterization of neisseria meningitidis the meningococcus, streptococcus pneumoniae the pneumococcus and haemophilus influenzae from the cerebrospinal fluid or blood of patients with clinical meningitis or bacteremia. Manual msd please confirm that you are not located inside the russian federation. Viral meningitis is most common and the least serious. The swelling from meningitis typically triggers signs and symptoms such as headache, fever and a stiff neck. Bacterial meningitis is usually lethal unless appropriate antibiotics. Meningitis can be caused by various infectious agents, including viruses, fungi, and protozoans, but bacteria produce the most lifethreatening forms. International foundation against infectious diseases in nigeria, abuja, nigeria. Meningitis bacteriana aguda enfermedades cerebrales, medulares. Bacterial meningitis investigations bmj best practice us. Meningitis and encephalitis in dogs merck veterinary manual. Be on the lookout for these signs in you or your family. Second edition 2011 this manual summarizes laboratory techniques used in the isolation and identification and characterization of neisseria meningitidis the meningococcus, streptococcus pneumoniae the pneumococcus and haemophilus influenzae from.
Meningitis can result from many causes, both infectious and noninfectious. Meningitis can be acute, with a quick onset of symptoms, it can be chronic. Bacterial meningitis can be caused by multiple organisms. Most cases of meningitis in the united states are caused by a viral infection, but bacterial, parasitic and fungal infections are other causes. Beyond the newborn period, the most common causes of bacterial meningitis are neisseria meningitidis, streptococcus pneumoniae, and haemophilus influenzae. While acute bacterial meningitis is becoming less common in developed countries because of the widespread use of vaccines against streptococcus pneumoniae, neisseria meningitides, and haemophilus influenzae, bacterial meningitis still occurs worldwide, with peak incidence in young children and the elderly. Role of imaging in the diagnosis of acute bacterial. There is no unique method to prove or rule out the diagnosis of bm in a patient with cerebrospinal fluid csf findings consistent with bm but negative gram stain. Bacterial meningitis is a lifethreatening condition that requires prompt recognition and treatment. Communicable disease investigation reference manual the record of investigation of bacterial meningitis or bacteremia case report form cd2m.
Someone with bacterial meningitis will become very ill. The procedures described in this manual are not new. Mar 21, 2019 meningitis occurs when the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord become inflamed. Meningitis and encephalitis in cats merck veterinary manual.
May 15, 2005 bacterial meningitis is a neurologic emergency. Contact the case and ask about potential exposures to n. Meningitis can be caused by various infectious agents, including viruses, fungi, and protozoan s, but bacteria produce the most lifethreatening forms. Meningite bacteriana investigacoes bmj best practice. Initial therapy and prognosis of bacterial meningitis in. Find out how to protect yourself from the bacteria and viruses that can cause meningitis. Meningitis, inflammation of the meninges, the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord.
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